Several years ago, doing an independent study with a student finishing his BA in prison, we took time with Hajime Tanabe (1885–1962).
Today I am sent a chapter about his metanoetics.
I look him up again.
Metanoetics (from Greek: μετανόησις "conversion, repentance" from μετανοῶ "I repent"; zangedō Japanese: 懺悔道 from dō 道 “path” and zange 懺悔 “confession, penance, repentance”) is a neologism coined by Hajime Tanabe in his 1945 work Philosophy as Metanoetics. The term denotes a way of doing philosophy (or a form of "non-philosophy") that understands the limits of reason. Though the method used by Tanabe to reach this conclusion relies on the transcendental analysis developed by Kant, Tanabe aligns the method with the Buddhist concept of Absolute Nothingness and ideas from of Pure Land Buddhism, Zen, and Christianity. (Wikipedia)
The word/name Hajime means beginning or origin. It reminds me of Gebser’s “The Ever-present Origin.” There, as well, reason and the rational have difficulty traversing the notion of atemporal and aperspectival reality.
Tanabe states that Kant did not take the critique of reason far enough. By this Tanabe means that a radical critique of reason should question whether reason itself can understand its ability to embody self-awareness and ultimate reality. The individual exercising reason should remain aware of the crisis of reason and see the antinomy, those rationally unsolvable contradictions that reason unearths, as the basis for personal renewal. The crisis of reason is not just a disruption of thought; it also involves a crisis of will. As the individual understands the radical limits of reason in facing the antinomies, they become aware of what Kant called radical evil. This is the will to act according to desires beyond those presented by rational reflection. With this realization comes further crisis and thereby the possibility of metanoia. (Wikipedia)
Kant’s philosophy of religion speaks of radical evil, as here explicated in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
Obedience to the moral law, of which Kant believes religion should be an example, appears to be an expectation that is neither universally nor willingly practiced. What is notable about the first two chapters of Religion is that he addresses this phenomenon in a manner that his Enlightenment predecessors had not: The failure of human moral agents to observe the moral law is symptomatic of a character or disposition (Gesinnung) that has been corrupted by an innate propensity to evil, which is to subordinate the moral law to self-conceit. Because this propensity corrupts an agent’s character as a whole, and is the innate “source” of every other evil deed, it may be considered “radical.” However, this propensity can be overcome through a single and unalterable “revolution” in the mode of thought (Revolution für die Denkungsart), which is simultaneously the basis for a gradual reform of character in the mode of sense (für die Sinnesart); for without the former, there is no basis for the latter. This reformation of character ultimately serves as the ground for moral agents within an ethical commonwealth, which, when understood eschatologically, is the Kingdom of God on Earth.
Kant’s account of radical evil demonstrates how evil can be a genuine moral alternative while nevertheless being an innate condition. Given the general optimism of the time, Kant’s view was revolutionary. It not only harkened back to an older Augustinian account of human nature, but also affirmed a propensity to evil within human nature using his apparatus of practical reason. (IEP)
Heidegger has long grabbed my attention saying that we have forgotten Being, forgotten Origin. I am reminded that Being and Origin are not long past, but are current and ongoing. The prospect of an ongoing origin, ever-present and ever-revealing, coincidenting with every breath and every second of time, changes things in our consciousness, if our awareness takes in the revelation. This change of mind/heart, this metanoia, redirects our perception from a self-instigated activity to an other-found reception steeped in attentive receptivity to the surround of Being/Origin.
Kant's notion of radical evil and our rational reflection on contradiction and crisis often leaves us uncertain as to what the mind/heart is capable of. How find a true direction that retrieves Being/Origin? Is it a place prior to thought and rational deliberation? Do we posit some state of innocence and beneficence? How do we "care" φροντίδα, frontida (Greek)? (I have long felt that the Greek word "kritikos" (κριτικός) means "critical" or "able to judge" stemming from the root word "krino" (κρίνω), meaning "to judge" -- has at its core the notion of care and caring -- enough to long to discern what is true, to deliberate carefully the evidence, arguments, legal and moral foundation of the matter at hand.)
Back to Tanabe:
In this state of crisis, the individual gains the perspective required to see another source of enlightenment. Tanabe uses the Shin Buddhist term of "Other-power" to denote this source, also called Absolute Nothingness. This metanoia realizes the inadequacy of human efforts to discover the source of self-awareness and surrenders to it. This surrender provides the power to continue the search for meaning within the midst of everyday life and to act in a compassionate and charitable way to bring others to self-realization. (Wikipedia)
To surrender to the source of self/other awareness, what could be referred to as Absolute Nothingness, is a radical emptying into Being/Origin.
Is this retrievable?
Can we overcome the suspicion that such a reality is tantamount to self-annihilation? Or, is it a promontory of a new perspective, a new perception that circles back into/unto Itself, Jittai? (In Japanese, "jittai" (実態, じったい) means "true state," "actual condition," or "reality")
We wonder how to find that which is the very reality we are, the very surround sustaining us, our true nature -- Being-Itself, True life, Very existence.
We look. But still, it seems, we still haven't found what we're looking for.